COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO ONE SIMPLE SENTENCE

460. Two or more Simple Sentences can be combined into one Simple Sentence :--

                 
                        1. By using a Participle

1. He failed in the examination. He gave up his studies.
    Having failed in the examination, he gave up his studies.

2. He was tired of play. He sat down to rest.
    Being tired of play, he sat down to rest.

3. He had his dinner. He began to do his homework.
    Having had his dinner, he began to do his homework.

4. The baby was hungry. The baby cried for milk.
    The baby, being hungry, cried for milk.

5. The policeman ran after the thief. He caught him.
    Running after the thief, the policeman caught him.


                             

                        2.By using an Absolute Phrase

1. The police arrived. The mob dispersed.
    The police having arrived, the mob dispersed.

2. The weather was fine, we went for a walk.
    The weather being fine, we went for a walk.

3. The sun rose. The fog disappeared.
    The sun having risen, the fog disappeared.

4. The bank was closed, I could not withdraw any money.
    The bank being closed. I could not withdraw any money.

5. It was a very hot day. I remained indoors.
    It being a very hot day, I remained indoors.





      3. By using a Preposition with a Noun or a Gerund

1. He gave us his advice. He helped us with money.
    Besides giving us his advice, he helped us with money.

2. He did not succeed. He had made every effort.
    With all his efforts, he did not succeed.

3. He heard the news of his mother's death. He left at once.
    On hearing the news of his mother's death, he left at once.

4. He had many faults. But he was a good man at heart.
    In spite of having many faults, he was a good man at heart.

5. He had a great deal of influence. But he could not get the job.
    With all his influence he could not get the job.





                            4. By using an Infinitive

1. He has six children. He must provide for them.
    He has six children to provide for.

2. Health is very important. It must not be neglected.
    Health is too important to be neglected.

3. He is going to Bombay. He will start business there.
    He is going to Bombay to start business there.

4. You must help your brother. It is your duty.
    It is your duty to help your brother.

5. Your sister had not enough industry. She could not therefore win a prize.
    Your sister had not enough industry to win a prize.





             5. By using a Noun or a Phrase in Apposition

1. Mr Brown is my teacher. He always tells the truth.
    Mr. Brown, my teacher, always tells the truth.

2. Rama defeated Ravana. Ravana was the King of Lanka.
    Rama defeated Ravana, the King of Lanka.

3. He slew all the prisoners. This was a very horrible act.
    He slew all the prisoners--a very horrible act.

4. Mr Patnaik is my tenant. He pays the rent regularly.
    Mr Patnaik, my tenant, pays the rent regularly.

5. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore composed Jana Gana Mana. He was a great poet.
    Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, a great poet, composed Jana Gana Mana.





            6. By using an Adverb or an Adverbial Phrase

1. Beware of false friends. This is of first importance.
    Above all things, beware of false friends.

2. The sun had set. He had not returned home.
    He had not returned home by sunset.

3. He possesses a head for business. This is certain.
    He certainly possesses a head for business.

4. The train was very late. That was unusual.
    The train was unusually late.

5. He tried to console her in her grief. It was all in vain.
    In vain he tried to console her in her grief.





461. Several of the methods described above may be combined in the same sentence :--

    (a) The King was ill. The people heard the news. They crowded to the palace.They
          wished to inquire about his health.

          Having heard the news of the King's illness, the people crowded to the palace to
          inquire about his health.


      (b) He went to Delhi. Delhi is the capital of India. He went there during the Xmas
           holidays. His purpose was to see the historical buildings there.

           During the Xmas holidays he went to Delhi, the capital of India, to see the
           historical buildings there.