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Thursday, August 14, 2014

PHRASAL VERBS AND VERB COMBINATIONS


378). Certain Verbs, when followed by certain Prepositions or Adverbs, acquire a new 
         significance;as,

        *) He backed up (supported) my claims.
        *) He backed out of (withdrew from)  the contract.




379). Study carefully the list of Phrasal Verbs given below :-

                                  (*) BEAR (*)

@) Bear down (overthrow or crush by force) : He was able to bear down all opposition.

@) Bear off or away : (win) He bore off (or away) the first prize.

@) Bear out (establish or confirm ) : If the evidence bears out the charge,the man will
                                                             be sent to prison.

@) Bear up (not to despair) : It is not easy to bear up when one is beset with difficulties
                                                on all sides.

@) Bear with (tolerate) : We could not bear with her violent temper.




                                             (*) BLOW (*)

@) Blow up (explode ) : There were only a few persons in the mine when it blew up.

@) Blow out ( extinguish ) : The wind has blown out the candle.




                                          
                                          ( *) BREAK (*)

@) Break down ( demolish ; collapse ; fall)
           *)The resistance of the garrison  broke down(collapsed). 
           *) If you go on working like this, your health is sure to break down(fail).

@) Break out (to appear suddenly) :(*) Cholera has broken out in the city.
                                                        (*) War has broken out.

@) Break into (enter by force) : The thieves broke into the house.

@) Break up (dissolve) : (*) The meeting broke up in great confusion.
                                      (*) When the sun rose the ice broke up(dispersed,disappeared).

@) Break with (cease to be friendly with) : He was my friend once,but now I have
                                                                      broken with him altogether.




                              (*) BRING (*)

@) Bring about ( cause) : His dishonest ways have brought about his ruin.

@) Bring forth ( produce ) : A good tree brings forth good fruit.

@) Bring forward (produce ) : He has brought forward several arguments in support
                                                of his case.

@) Bring in ( to yield as the result of sale ) : How much will the auction bring in? Not
                                                                      more than Rs. 1,200, I suppose.

@) Bring out ( bring to light ) : (*) The inquiry is sure to bring out certain important facts.
                                                 (*) The publishers have recently brought out(published)
                                                        a cheap edition of this book.

@) Bring up ( educate or rear ) : She brought up the orphan as her own child.




                                            (*) CALL (*)

@) Call for ( demand ) : His actions call for an explanation.

@) Call forth ( evoke ) : His feats called forth applause from the crowd.

@) Call off ( divert ; distract ) : 
       *) The crash of thunder called off my attention from the burning house.
       *) The strike has been called off ( has been either not started or had been stopped).

@) Call on (visit ) : We called on her yesterday.

@) Call over (recite ) : Please call over the names of the absentees.

@) Call up ( recollect ) : I cannot call up the events of my childhood.




                                        
                                    (*) CARRY (*)

@) Carry away ( bear off ) : The crow carried away a golden ring.

@) Carry off ( kill ) : Cholera carried off half the population of this village.

@) Carry on ( manage ) : He carried on business in the absence of his father.

@) Carry out ( execute ) : He carried out my orders.

@) Carry through ( sustain ) : Patience and perseverance will carry a man through
                                                  many difficulties.




                                           (*) CAST (*)

@) Cast aside (reject ) : He cast aside  all the facts that were brought to his notice.

@) Cast down ( dejected ) : She was much cast down with grief.

@) Cast off ( discard ) : He cast off old garments.

@) Cast out ( expel ) : He was cast out from society.




                                     (*) COME (*)

@) Come about ( occur ) : I do not know how these things came about.

@) Come across ( to meet with accidentally ) : Searching in the library, he came across
                                                                           a valuable manuscript.

@) Come after ( succeed) : He came after his after.

@) Come by ( acquire ) : How did you come by this pen?

@) Come down ( descend ; lower in price ) : (*) Please come down from the tree.
                                                                       (*) Cotton has come down ( become cheaper )                                                                                             recently.

@) Come of ( issue from ) : He comes of a noble family.

@) Come out (transpire ) : At last the truth has come out.

@) Come around ( recover ) : ( * ) I hope you will soon come round.
                                               ( * ) He came round ( agreed ) to our views.

@) Come upon ( encounter ) : While digging, the farmer came upon a pot full of gold coins.




                                      (*) CRY (*)

@) Cry down ( depreciate ) : Men of dissolute lives cry down religion.

@) Cry out against ( complain loudly against ) : They cried out against prohibition.

@) Cry up ( extol ; praise ) : Who does not cry up his own wares?





                                        (*) CUT (*)

@) Cut down ( reduce ) : I advised her to cut down her expenditure.

@) Cut off ( Kill ; destroy ) : He was cut off in the prime of life.

@) Cut out for ( fitted for ) : He was never cut out for a public leader.

@) Cut up ( cause grief and pain ) : The news of his wife's death has cut him up greatly.





                                      (*) Do (*)

@) Do away with ( abolish ) : The British Government wisely did away with Sati.

@) To do for ( to ruin ) : You are done for.




                                     (*) DRAW (*)

@) Draw back ( recede ) : He will never draw back.

@) Draw near ( approach ) : Spring is drawing near.

@) Draw on or upon ( issue a cheque ) : He drew on the National Bank for Rs.500.

@) Draw out ( to extract ; prolong ) :( * ) He drew out my tooth without any pain.
                                                          ( * ) He drew out his speech to a great length.
                                                          ( * ) He drew out his sword.

@) Draw up ( compile ; arrange ) : ( * ) Please draw up a code of honour.
                                                   ( * ) Napoleon drew up his forces near the river.
                                                   ( * ) The agenda for the meeting has not yet been drawn up.





                                    (*) FALL (*)

@) Fall back (retreat ) : At last the invaders fell back.

@) Fall back upon ( to have recourse to some help ) : I have nothing to fall back upon in my
                                                                                         old age.

@) Fall in with ( concur with ) : ( * ) He will soon fall in with our views.
                                                 ( * ) While going to Kashmir,I fell in with ( met accidentally
                                                          two sanyasis.

@) Fall off ( deteriorate ; decrease ) :( * ) The standard of efficiency has recently fallen off.
                                                          ( * ) The subscribers to this newspaper have fallen off.

@) Fall out ( quarrel ) : The two friends have fallen out.

@) Fall to ( apply oneself ) : He felt to eating and drinking again.

@) Fall upon ( attack ) : They fell upon the enemy.

@) Fall through ( fail ) : The project fell through for lack of funds.





                                    (*) GET (*)

@) Get at ( obtain ) : Our object in this inquiry is to get at the facts.

@) Get back ( recover ) : ( * ) He was able to get back all his money.
                                        ( * ) He has just got back ( returned ) from pilgrimage.

@) Get down ( descend ) : He has climbed up the top of the tree,but how will he get down?

@) Get off ( escape ) : His offence was grave, but he got off with a fine.

@) Get on ( advance ; make progress ) : How is your daughter getting on at school?

@) Get on with ( live agreeably with ) : It is hard to get on with a spendthrift.

@) Get over ( surmount ) : We have now got over all our difficulties.

@) Get through ( pass ) : Bali will get through the examination.

@) Get up ( rise ) : When do you get up in the morning ?




                                  (*) GIVE (*)

@) Give away ( distribute ) : The commissioner gave away the prizes.

@) Give forth ( announce ) : He gave it forth that he was going to retire from politics.

@) Give in ( submit ; yield ) : He was compelled to give in.

@) Give off ( emit ) : Some flowers give off a sweet fragrance at night.

@) Give out ( emit ) :( * )  The rose gives out a sweet perfume.
                                   ( * ) He gave out ( announced ) that he was going to America.
                                  ( * ) He gave out ( distributed ) tickets to all.

@) Give over ( transfer ) : I gave over charge of my office to my assistant yesterday.

@) Give up ( abandon ; surrender ) : ( * ) He has given up his claim to property.
                                                             ( * ) The murderer has given himself up to the police.






                                    (*) GO (*)

@) Go after ( pursue ) : The hunters went after the wounded stag.

@) Go beyond ( exceed ) : Do not go beyond the limits prescribed by the Company.

@) Go forward ( Proceed ) : Let us go forward with our work.

@) Go on ( continue ) : We went on working till late at night.

@) Go through ( Examine ) : ( * ) You must first go through the accounts.
                                              ( * ) We have gone through ( suffered ) many hardship.

@) Go up ( ascend ) : ( * ) Two women went up in a balloon.
                                  ( * ) Cotton has gone up ( risen in price ).

@) Go up to ( approach ) : He went up to her and asked her why she had insulted him.





                                   (*) HOLD (*)

@) Hold back ( to keep back ; to conceal ) : I shall hold back nothing from you.

@) Hold on ( continue holding or clinging to ) : Don't let the rope go.Hold on!Hold on !

@) Hold out ( endure ) : ( * ) The garrison held out ( offered resistance ) bravely for 40 days.
                                      ( * ) He said he could hold out ( offer ) to me no promise of a rise in
                                               my salary.

@) Hold up ( support ; sustain ) : ( * ) The boys held up a heavy shield.
                                                    ( * ) The progress of the work has been help up ( arrested).




                                   (*) KEEP (*)

@) Keep back ( conceal ) : I shall keep nothing back from you.

@) Keep from ( refrain from ) : Keep from evil.

@) Keep to ( adhere to ) : Always keep to your promise.

@) Keep under ( control ) : He bravely kept his passions under.

@) Keep up ( maintain ) : ( * ) He keeps up the reputation of the firm.
                                        ( * ) My father, though old, still keeps up his energy.

@) Keep on ( continue ) : She kept on weeping.




                               
                                  (*) Lay (*)

@) Lay by ( save for future use ) : Lay by something for a rainy day.

@) Lay down ( surrender ) : ( * ) The rebels laid down their arms.
                                            ( * ) He laid down ( sacrificed ) his life for the sake of his country.

@) Lay out ( invest ) : He has laid out  a large sum of money in gilt-edged securities.

@) Lay up ( deposit ) : ( * ) He has laid up all his money in banks.
                                    ( * ) He is laid up ( confined to bed ) with fever.




                                 (*) LOOK (*)

@) Look after ( take care of ) : Look after my family when I am away.

@) Look down upon ( despise ) : Don't look down upon a poor beggar.

@) Look for ( search for ) : ( * ) We are looking for the lost keys.
                                          ( * ) What news are you looking for ( expecting )?

@) Look forward to ( expect with pleasure ) : We are looking forward to your visit.

@) Look into ( inspect ) : ( * ) The auditor looked into all the accounts.
                                        ( * ) I shall certainly look into ( investigate ) the matter.

@) Look on ( regard ) : We looked on him as a wise man.

@) Look over ( examine ) : He looked over his accounts.

@) Look up ( search for ) : ( * ) Look up this word in the dictionary.
                                           ( * ) Prices are looking up ( rising ).

@) Look up to ( respect ) : They all looked up to him as their leader.





                                (*) MAKE (*)

@) Make away with ( get rid of ; kill ) : 
         ( * ) He made away with the princess with the help of conspirators
         ( * ) He made away with ( stole ) two thousand rupees.

@) Make for ( conduce to ) : Contentment makes for happiness in life.

@) Make out ( discover ) : ( * ) Can you make out the author's meaning?
                                         ( * )  I think the lawyer has made out ( proved or established by                                                                   arguments ) a good case.

@) Make over ( transfer ) : He has made over all his property to his second wife.

@) Make up ( reconcile or compose ) : ( * ) The two parties have made up their quarrel.
                                                             ( * ) Please make up ( complete ) all your accounts.
                                                             ( * ) They expect the Government to make up 
                                                                      ( compensate or make good ) their losses.

@) Make up one's mind ( determine ) : He made up his mind to punish all the offenders.





                                       (*) PUT (*)

@) Put down ( suppress ) : The king was able to put down the rebellion.

@) Put forth ( exert ) : ( * ) She put forth all her strength to achieve her object.
                                   ( * ) The trees put forth ( thurst out ) their leaves.

@) Put off ( postpone ) : ( * ) Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
                                      ( * ) He put me off ( evaded ) with an excuse.
                                      ( * ) Please put off ( remove ) your shoes before going into the 
                                             temple.

@) Put on ( assume ) : ( * ) He put on haughty airs.
                                    ( * ) He put on clothes, a turban ,a shoes,etc.

@) Put out ( extinguish ) : ( * ) Please put out the light.
                                         ( * ) The firemen put  out the fire.
                                         ( * ) He was rather put out ( confused ) by their  questions.

@) Put up ( purpose ) : They put up their own candidate.

@) Put up with ( tolerate ) : ( * ) I can no longer put up with her insolence.
                                            ( * ) Poor people have to put up with ( endure ) many hardships.
                                            ( * ) Whenever he comes to Bombay he puts up with me 
                                                    ( stays at my house for a time).




                                   (*) RUN (*)

@) Run after ( pursue with attention ) : ( * ) The boy ran after the ball.
                                                              ( * ) People run after riches in this world.

@) Run down ( decry ; disparage ) : ( * ) He always runs down his rivals.
                                                         ( * ) He feels much run down ( enfeebled in health ) on 
                                                                  account of overwork.

@) Run into ( incur ) : He has run into debt.

@) Run off ( flee ) : Hearing the noise, the thief ran off.

@) Run out ( come to an end of period or of stock ) : 
                                    ( * ) The lease of this building has run out.
                                    ( * ) Out stocks of wheat have run out.

@) Run out of ( exhaust one's stock of ) : We have run out of our stock of sugar.

@) Run over ( overflow of vessel or contents ) :   
             ( * ) The reservoir is running over.
             ( * ) He ran over ( glanced over ) the documents.
             ( * ) The motor-car ran over ( passed over ) a dog.

@) Run through ( consume estate, etc.,by reckless or quick spending ) :
       ( * ) He has run through his fortune within two years.
       ( * ) I had to run through ( examine hurriedly ) the accounts in half an hour.

@) Run up ( grow quickly ) My expenses have run up recently.

@) Run up to ( amount to ) : The goods she had bought run up to a large amount.




                                         (*) SEE (*)

@) See into ( hold an inquiry ; examine ) : ( * ) The solicitors will see into your claim 
                                                                             to the property                                                                                         

@) See off ( witness one's departure ) : Her friends and relatives were present at the station 
                                                                  to see her off.

@) See through ( penetrate ) : Only a clever man can see through her game.




                                        (*)  SET (*)

@) Set about ( begin ) : As soon as he took over, he set about organizing the department.

@) Set apart ( reserve ) : He set apart some money for the education of his children.

@) Set aside ( reject ) : He set aside all objections and accepted my claim.

@) Set down ( record ) : ( * ) The magistrate set down in writing our complaint.
                                       ( * ) He is an insolent fellow and needs someone to set him 
                                               down ( snub).

@) Set forth ( explain ) He set forth his views before the audience.

@) Set in ( begin ) : The rainy season has set in.

@) Set off ( depart ) : ( * ) They set off at sunrise
                                  ( * ) This golden frame sets off ( embellishes or decorates )
                                         the picture.

@) Set on ( incite ) : He set her on to abuse them.

@) Set out ( start on a journey ) : When will he set out on his travels?

@) Set up ( begin a new business ) : ( * ) He has set up as a broker.
                                                          ( * ) They have set up ( erected ) a pillar in his memory.
                                                          ( * ) I have not money enough to set me up 
                                                                    ( establish myself ) in business.

@) Set up for ( pretend or profess to be) : Do you mean to set up for an astrologer?

@) Set upon ( attack ) : The robbers set upon the travellers and robbed them of their gold.





                                     (*) STAND (*)

@) Stand against ( withstand ; resist ) : No Indian king could stand against the attack of 
                                                                 Alexander.

@) Stand by ( support ) : A faithful friend stands by us through thick and thin.

@) Stand for ( present oneself as a candidate for ) : At the last elections he stood for 
                                                                                       Parliament.

@) Stand out against ( persistently oppose or refuse to yield ) : 
            ( * ) He stood out against all efforts of the Government to introduce that bill.

@) Stand up for ( defend ) : He always stood up for the rights of the oppressed.





                                 (*) STRIKE (*)

@) Strike at ( aim a blow at ) : He struck at me but I avoided his blow.

@) Strike down ( attack ) : He is struck down with cholera.

@) Strike off ( remove ) : They struck off his name from the list of volunteers.

@) Strike out ( erase ) : He struck out the last paragraph.






                                  (*) TAKE (*)

@) Take after ( resemble ) : Your daughter does not take after you in any way.

@) Take away ( remove ) : They took away all her ornaments.

@) Take down ( record ) : I have taken down your statement.

@) Take for ( think one to be ) : We took him for a priest ( that is, we thought he was a priest)

@) Take in ( deceive ) : ( * ) He was taken in by sharpers. 
                                      ( * ) The boys could not take in( comprehend) her lecture.

@) Take off ( remove ) : Please take off your shoes before entering.

@) Take over ( receive charge of an office  ) : He has recently taken over.

@) Take to ( get into a habit ) : Recently he has taken to ( become addicted ) drink( ing).

@) Take up ( occupy ) : ( * ) It would take up much of my time to explain to you the whole 
                                               case.
                                       ( * ) Why don't you take up ( commence ) some other work?






                                   (*) THROW (*)

@) Throw away ( lose by neglect ) : You have thrown away a golden chance.

@) Throw out ( reject ) : The bill was thrown out by parliament.

@) Throw up ( resign ) : This man has thrown up his appointment.





                                   (*) TURN (*)

@) Turn against ( become hostile to ) : All his friends turned against him.

@) Turn off ( dismiss ) : His servant was lazy ; he has turned him off.

@) Turn on ( swtich on ) : Turn on the lights, please.

@) Turn out ( expel ) : ( * ) He turned out the tenant. 
                                    ( * )How much cloth does this factory turn out ( produce) in a day ? 
                                    ( * )Everything turned out ( proved to be ) well ( satisfactorily )

@) Turn up ( arrive ) : ( * ) He turned up late. 
                                   ( * )cannot say what will turn up ( happen ).

                                                                          



                  




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