*) WORDS LIABLE TO BE CONFUSED AND MISUSED

                                        







                                              CHAPTER-40

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377. Students are liable to misuse words that are similar in form or sound ,but
        different in meaning.A list of such words as are liable to be confused is
        given below :-- 


1. Accede : consent. ' I cannot accede to your request.'
    Exceed : surpass. 'His expenditure exceeds his income.'


2. Accept : to receive with favour.'I accept your offer.'
    Except : to omit or exclude.'If you will except the last term,I shall accept 
                   the contract.'


3. Access : approach or admission. 'A poor man has no access to the King.'
    Excess : more than enough. ' He smokes to excess.'


4. Adapt : to make suitable;to adjust properly.'We must adapt ourselves to
                                                                              changing circumstances.'
   Adopt : to accept and approve.'They adopted a child.' ' He adopted my scheme.'
   Adept : One who is skilled.'He is and adept in painting.'


5. Advise :(Verb) . 'Please advise me what to do.'
    Advice :(Noun). ' He paid no heed to my advice.'


6. Affect : (1) to influence.'Bad weather affects her health.'
                 (2) to pretend. 'Beginners often affect learning.'
  
   Effect : (1) Verb. 'The prisoner effected(made) his escape.'
                (2) Noun. 'What will be the effect(result) of this?'


7. Allusion : an indirect reference.'If your allusion is to any woman present
                                                         here,please name her.'
    Illusion : an imaginary appearance.'A mirage is an optical illusion.'


8. Altar : a place for offerings. 'The pious old man bowed before the altar.'
    Alter : to change.'Nothing can alter my decision.'


9. Antic : odd.'We laughed at her antic gestures.'
    Antique : old-fashioned.'We laughed at her antique dress.'


10. Ascent : going upwards.'The balloon is on the ascent.'
      Assent : agree;consent.'I cannot assent to your proposal.'

11. Aught : anything.'For aught I know,she is innocent.'
      Ought : should. 'We ought to respect our parents.'


12. Bail : security.'He was released on bail.'
      Bale: bundle. 'Fifty bales of cotton were burnt.'


13. Berth : a sleeping place in a train or on a ship.
                 'I got a berth reserved for me in the first class compartment.'
     Birth : 'She gave birth to a child.'


14. Bear : endure.'I cannot bear this insult.'
      Bare : uncover.'She bared her bosom to the moon.'


15. Born : (Past Participle of bear).'He was born on Tuesday.'
      Borne : carried.'The message was borne to her.'


16. Canon : rule.'Every nation has its own canons of morality.'
      Cannon : a large gun.'Cannon to the left of them,cannon to the right
                      of them.'


17. Canvas : a kind of coarse cloth.'Shoes made of canvas are not durable.'
      Canvass : solicit votes.'Will you canvass votes for me?'


18. Casual : occasional;irregular.'casual reading is better than no reading.'

      Causal : relating to cause. 'The casual connection between food and
                                                    health.'


19. Censor : to subject to an official examiner.'The news is censored'
      Censure : to criticize adversely.'They censured her conduct bitterly.'


20. Cession : the transfer of territory by one country to another. 'Nothing short
                       of the cession of the territory would satisfy the invader.'
      Session : a term or a meeting period,as of a court,a legislature,or 
                      any organized assembly.'The winter session of the Assembly
                      is over.'


21. Cite : to quote. 'He cited verses from the Bible.'
      Site : a place chosen for some special purpose.
                'The site for the school building was selected by the Headmaster.'
      Sight : view.'A horrible sight met our gaze.'


22. Coarse : rough. 'He wears coarse clothes.'
      Course : direction. 'She has taken a wrong course (path).'


23. Compliment : regard. 'Tender my best compliments to your wife.'
      Complement : that which makes up. 'My work is a complement to Mr.Sami's.'


24. Confidant : one who is trusted with a secret.
                         'My confidant betrayed my secret.'
      Confident : sure. 'She is confident of success.'


25. Cord : rope. 'He cut the cord with a knife.'
      Chord : a straight line joining any two points in a curve or a circle;as,
                    'the chord of a circle.'


26. Corporal : relating to the body. 'Corporal punishment in schools must be
                                                            discouraged.'
      Corporeal : relating to matter as opposed to spirit.
                          ' Angels are not corporeal beings.' 


27. Council : an assembly for conference or deliberation.
                     ' He is a member of the Social Welfare Council.'
      Counsel : (1) to advise and instruct :
                            ' Fathers usually  counsel their sons against excess.'
                       (2) advice : a legal adviser or advocate .
                            ' he has engaged a counsel to defend him in the High Court.'


28. Decent : well-behaved and respectable.'She is a decent girl.'
      Descent : derivation : slope, 
                       'Her descent from a noble family was also taken into account.'
                      ' The journey down the descent was easy.' 
      Dissent : disagreement. 'Murmurs of dissent were heard at the meeting.'


29. Deference : respect. 'Treat your elders with deference.'
      Difference : 'There is a great difference between these two statements.'


30. Defy : challenge. 'He defied all authority.'
      Deify : worship. The leader was deified by the  people.'





31. Dependant : subordinate. 'Be kind to your dependants.'
      Dependent : 'He is dependent on his wife.'


32. Deprecate : feel and express disapproval of.
                          ' He deprecates changing  the rules at present.'
      Depreciate : make or become less in value. 'The purchasing power of money
                            has depreciated since she purchased her savings certificates.'


33. Disease : illness. ' Consumption is not a fatal disease.'
      decease : death. 'A severe disease may cause decease.'


34. Dual : double. 'I do not believe in this dual policy of the Government.'
      Duel : a combat between two men.' He fought a duel in his youth.'


35. Dying : (the Present Participle of die).'People are dying of disease every day.'
      Dyeing : (the act of colouring), 'This laundry does cleaning and dyeing.'


36. Elicit : draw out.' I could not elicit any truth from her.'
      Illicit : unlawful. 'Those who carry on illicit trade in opium are liable to be 
                                   prosecuted


37. Elude : to escape. 'He cleverly eluded the police.'
      Allude : to refer to. 'Which is the woman you alluded to in your speech?'


38. Emerge : to come out. 'The swimmer emerged from the water.'
      Immerge : to plunge into. 'The chemist immerged the metal in acid.'


39. Emigrant : a person who leaves one country take up residence in another.
                         'The Irish emigrants settled in Canada.'
      Immigrant : One who comes to one country from another to live there
                           permanently.' Most of the Americans are English immigrants.'


40. Eminent : prominent. 'He is an eminent doctor.'
      Imminent : It applies especially to danger or misfortune that threatens to
                         happen immediately. 'She was saved from imminent death.'


41. Eruption : a violent bursting out.'Many villages were destroyed by an 
                                                            eruption of the volcano.'
      Irruption :a sudden invasion. 'The Chinese irruption into Tibet.'


42. Farther : actual distance or extension in space. 'It is farther from Delhi
                                       to Madras than it is from Delhi to Bombay.'
      Further : something additional in thought. 'They discussed the matter
                                                                              further.'


43. Fare : 'What is the railway fare from Delhi to Bombay?'
      Fair : 'The weather is fair.' 'Her dealings are fair.'


44. Forgo : abstain from ;give up.' I shall forgo the pleasure of that trip.'
      Forego :to go before.' He will follow if you forego.' 'See the foregoing
                                           example.'


45. Gamble : to play for stakes. 'They gambled on the green.'
      Gambol : to play and frolic. 'The lambs are gambolling on the green.'


46. Hoard : store. 'Do not hoard grains in times of war.'
      Horde : (a wandering tribe). 'Wandering hordes attacked villagers huts.'


47. Human : relating to man. 'Human nature cannot stand such insults.'
      Humane : sympathetic;tender-hearted. 'The humane treatment of
                             prisoners is now advocated by all.'


48. Ingenuous : artless;frank;plain.'The ingenuous talk of the child impressed
                                                              us all.'
      Ingenious : skillful.'He is an ingenious mechanic.'


49. Jealous : 'He is jealous(envious) of my reputation.'
      Zealous : ardent;enthusiastic.'She is a zealous worker in the cause of
                                                        Harijan welfare.'


50. Legible : capable of being read. 'She writes a legible hand.'
      Eligible : fit to be chosen. 'He is eligible for the post.'


51. Lightning : 'He was struck by lightning.'
      Lightening : making light. 'I am thinking of lightening your burden.'


52. Loth : unwilling.'The mother was loth to leave her child behind.'
      Loathe : to abhor or hate with extreme disgust.
                     'Most people loathe falsehood.'


53. Loose :to unfasten. 'Loose this knot,please.'
      Lose : to part with something. 'Don't lose your purse.'


54. Metal : 'Platinum is a precious metal.'
      Mettle : spirit;courage. ' I will put your mettle to the test.'


55. Monetary : relating to money.'I have no monetary motives in helping you.'
      Monitory : relating to money. 'He paid no head to the monitory advice of 
                                                          his father.'


56. Naughty : wicked. 'He is a naughty boy.'
      Knotty : difficult to solve. 'This a knotty problem.'


57. Order : command. 'An order must be obeyed.'
      Ardour : fervour;zeal. 'he is full of youthful ardour.'


58. Ordinance : a rule;a law. 'The President has recently issued several new
                                                 ordinances.'
      Ordnance : cannon. 'Ordance were fired at the enemies.'


59. Persecute : to oppress or punish unjustly.
                        ' Many people have been presecuted for their religious belief.'
     Prosecute :  (1) carry on. 'He prosecuted his studies further.'
                          (2) to institute legal proceedings against a person.
                                   'Trespassers will be prosecuted.'
60. Physic : medicine. 'A dose of physic will do you good.'
      Physique : bodily constitution. ' He possesses a healthy  physique.'